早期培养篮球的专业化:对U14和职业球员射击模式的机器学习分析
José Miguel Contreras-García1, Javier Courel-Ibáñez2, Maria Isabel Piñar-López3
1Department of Didactics of Mathematics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Journal of sports sciences
|December 13, 2024
概括
青少年篮球的早期体育专业化阻碍了长期的发展. 与专业球员相比,U14球员的射击多功能性有限,这凸显了对多功能球员的训练需要修改.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 篮球分析 篮球分析
- 青年运动员发展 青年运动员发展
背景情况:
- 青少年运动员早期的体育专业化可能会对长期发展和技能获取产生负面影响.
- 了解正在形成的篮球运动员中的射击角色对于优化训练和球员进步至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较14岁以下 (U14) 和职业男篮球员之间的射击专业化模式.
- 在发育和精英水平之间识别射击多功能性和区域专业化的差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了两个赛季 (2020-21年,2021-22年) 的U14和职业球员的射击图表数据.
- 采用机器学习和集群分析来分类射击区域和识别射击模式.
- 定义专家为来自特定区域的极端野外进球尝试百分比 (FGA%) 的球员.
主要成果:
- 与专业球员相比,U14球员的射击模式显著更独特,射击多功能性 (2.3%) 和3分能力 (1.8%) 缺乏 (36.3%和17.2%分别).
- 职业篮球的特色是多才多艺的球员 (62.7%) 和一个区域的专家 (38%),与U14组的有限专业化形成鲜明对比.
- 统计分析证实了U14和职业球员之间射击模式的显著差异 (p < 0.001,ES = 0.51).
结论:
- 当前的形成篮球训练可能不能充分培养射击的多功能性或进步所需的专业技能.
- 发展射击的多功能性或一个区域的专业化对于篮球球员的长期发展至关重要.
- 建议对训练方法进行修订,以提高射击技巧,并促进多功能球员的发展.
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