基于电子健康记录预测药物不良事件的机器学习:系统性审查和元分析
Qiaozhi Hu1,2, Jiafeng Li3, Xiaoqi Li2
1Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
The Journal of international medical research
|December 13, 2024
概括
机器学习模型可以使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 预测多种药物不良事件 (ADEs). 随机森林模型显示出希望,但需要进一步的研究来临床应用.
科学领域:
- * 医学信息学 医学信息学
- * 计算医学是一种医学.
- *健康数据科学 *健康数据科学
背景情况:
- *药物不良事件 (ADEs) 在医疗保健中构成了重大挑战.
- *电子健康记录 (EHR) 包含大量数据,可用于预测健康结果.
- * 机器学习 (ML) 提供了强大的工具来分析复杂的EHR数据以识别潜在的ADEs.
研究的目的:
- *系统地审查机器学习 (ML) 在预测多重药物不良事件 (ADEs) 的应用.
- *为使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据进行ADE预测的ML模型提供全面的概述.
- * 评估性能并确定与ADE相关的常见风险因素.
主要方法:
- * 在主要数据库 (PubMed,科学网,Embase,IEEE Xplore) 进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2023年11月21日.
- *包括开发ML模型的研究,用于从EHR数据中预测多个ADE.
- * 提取和分析了绩效指标,ML方法和已识别的风险因素.
主要成果:
- * 十项研究符合纳入标准,使用了20种不同的ML方法.
- *随机森林 (RF) 是最常见的ML方法.
- *综合估计的曲线下面积 (AUC) 为0.72 (95% CI:0.68-0.75),RF在与重新采样技术相结合时达到高AUC.
- *发现的常见风险因素包括住院时间长度,处方药的数量和入院类型.
结论:
- * 机器学习模型,特别是随机森林模型,在使用EHR数据预测多个ADE方面显示出潜力.
- *目前的研究显示预测性能中等,强调需要进一步发展.
- *未来的研究应侧重于严格的报告标准和探索新型ML方法,以提高临床适用性.
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