引发的陆地肥壮化:对生态系统服务的级联效应和影响
Christopher M Clark1, Michael D Bell2, James W Boyd3
1National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460 USA.
概括
人类活动增加了沉积,影响了生态系统和人类的福祉. 这项研究将的临界负载超标与北美生态区域的特定生态效应和人类受益者联系起来.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 生态系统服务生态系统服务
背景情况:
- 人类活动显著增加了陆地生态系统中的沉积量.
- 这种沉积导致生物多样性丧失,改变了生态系统的功能,并影响了人类的福祉.
- 将沉积水平与生态效应和受影响的生态系统服务联系起来是具有挑战性的,原因是复杂的级联路径.
研究的目的:
- 综合有关引发的陆地肥胖的信息.
- 通过使用既定的框架,将关键负载超标与人类受益者联系起来.
- 确定不同生态区域的生态影响和受影响的生态系统服务.
主要方法:
- 专家研讨会综合了有关沉积效应的出版文献.
- 应用于STressor-生态生产功能-最终生态系统服务框架的应用.
- 利用最终生态系统商品和服务分类系统 (FEGS-CS) 来分类影响.
主要成果:
- 在五个北美生态区域,超过了21个的临界负载,沉积量从2到39公斤N·ha−1·yr−1.1.
- 582条路径将临界负载超值与198个区域人类受益者和66个最终生态系统商品和服务 (FEGS) 联系起来.
- 草,菌根群落,树种和鱼生物多样性是受到影响的关键生物指标;东部温带森林显示了最严重的影响.
结论:
- 由于沉积而导致的陆地环保变化很普遍,影响了全国所有经过检查的生态系统.
- 该研究确定了受沉积影响的特定人类受益者和生态系统服务.
- 结果突出了关键的不确定性和知识差距,为未来对影响的研究提供了帮助.
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