劳动年龄人群中可避免视力障碍的全球趋势和预测:基于人口的研究
Ying Zhang1, Jianqi Chen1, Lirong Liao1
1From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
American journal of ophthalmology
|December 13, 2024
概括
在工作年龄的个人中,全球可避免的视力障碍 (VI) 减少,主要是由于折射障碍较少. 然而,预计到2040年,病例将增加,这突显了持续的不平等现象和需要整合的眼睛护理策略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 全球卫生经济学 全球卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 在工作年龄人口中,视力障碍 (VI) 带来了重大的公共卫生和经济挑战.
- 可避免的原因,特别是白内障和折射失误,需要集中调查.
- 了解可避免的VI的全球趋势和差异对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化全球趋势,不平等现象和可避免的VI在工作年龄人口中的未来预测.
- 从1990年到2021年分析可避免的VI流行率的变化.
- 预测到2040年可避免的VI的负担.
主要方法:
- 利用2021年全球疾病负担研究 (GBD) 的数据进行流行率和人口估计.
- 雇员加入点回归分析以评估按年龄,性别,社会人口统计指数 (SDI) 和地区的趋势.
- 应用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列建模用于未来负担预测,并使用已建立的指数评估不平等.
主要成果:
- 从1990年到2021年,劳动年龄人口中可避免的VI总体患病率下降,主要是由于折射误差减少 (AAPC -0.15%).
- 观察到严重视力丧失和失明的显著减少,而中度视力丧失保持稳定.
- 女性承担了更大的负担,改善速度较慢;社会经济差异持续存在,较低的SDI地区受到不成比例的影响,在高SDI地区出现了增长趋势. 预测显示,到2040年,病例将增加23.4%.
结论:
- 尽管总体上取得了进展,但仍有显著的改进机会,并且在可避免的VI中存在持续的差异.
- 预计可避免的VI病例的增加需要加强,整合的眼睛健康战略.
- 在可访问和负担得起的眼科护理方面进行大量投资,以及为VI患者制定公平就业政策,至关重要.
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