灵长类动物中CEACAM病原体诱受体的演变
Wolfgang Zimmermann1, Robert Kammerer2
1Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
癌抗原家族成员 (CEACAM) 蛋白质CEACAM5和CEACAM6作为诱受体,模仿CEACAM1保护灵长类动物免受病原体. 这种进化策略维持了宿主对微生物入侵的防御.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 白细胞上的CEACAM1蛋白调节免疫反应,但病原体利用它进入宿主.
- 诱惑受体进化以抵消病原体与CEACAM1.1结合的作用.
- 人类CEACAM3作为CEACAM1结合病原体的内细胞受体,而CEACAM5和CEACAM6的作用不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究灵长类动物中CEACAMs的进化选择.
- 为了确定CEACAM5和CEACAM6是否作为诱受体起作用.
主要方法:
- 对148种灵长类动物中CEACAM基因选择的分析.
- 在CEACAM N-domain exons中检查非同义词和同义词替代率 (dN/dS).
- 在人类CEACAM5.5中识别多态.
主要成果:
- 在吉本和新世界子中,功能CEACAM3基因不存在.
- 在这些灵长类动物中,CEACAM6在病原体结合域中显示出高的dN/dS比,类似于CEACAM1.
- 在大多数灵长类动物中,CEACAM5在其病原体结合区域中也表现出多样化的选择,在非洲种群中观察到特定的多态性.
结论:
- CEACAM5和CEACAM6正在进化选择中,以模仿病原体受体CEACAM1.
- 这些蛋白质可能在大多数灵长类动物中充当诱受体.
- 这提供了一种机制,在没有CEACAM3.3的情况下维持对病原体的防御.
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