耐力训练不同水平的大脑结构和功能差异:一个横截面研究
Keying Zhang1, Chunmei Cao2, Yaxue Wang3
1Department of Physical Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|December 16, 2024
概括
高级耐力运动员在记忆和运动领域显示出更大的大脑灰质体积和功能活动. 中等水平的运动员表现出明显的大脑重组,突出显示了训练水平的适应性益处.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 大脑的可塑性 大脑的可塑性
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,耐力运动员的大脑具有独特的可塑性.
- 然而,缺乏对不同训练水平的大脑结构和功能差异的系统研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地调查不同训练水平的耐力运动员的大脑结构和功能特征.
- 为了比较高水平运动员,中等水平运动员和非运动员对照者之间的大脑差异.
主要方法:
- 采用了使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 的"专家-初学者范式".
- 评估灰色物质体积 (GMV),低频波动的分数振幅 (fALFF) 和中心度 (DC).
- 在三个组中比较这些指标:高水平耐力运动员,中等水平耐力运动员和对照组.
主要成果:
- 高水平运动员在海马体,丘脑,叶和小脑中显示出更大的GMV,与训练持续时间和能力相关.
- 高水平的运动员在额头圈和前环中表现出更高的fALFF,与其他组相比,在叶和小脑中表现出更高的DC.
- 与高水平运动员相比,中等水平的运动员在前额叶皮层,中侧前额叶,极,条纹体和胰岛中显示出更大的GMV.
结论:
- 耐力训练诱导了明显的适应性大脑益处,这些益处因训练水平而异.
- 高级运动员在记忆,运动和感官处理区域表现出增强的GMV和功能活动.
- 中等水平的运动员在默认模式网络和小脑中表现出特定的功能重组.
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