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在婴儿中对母语和非母语的非典型神经反应,患自闭症的可能性很高
Lauren Wagner1, Megan Banchik1, Tawny Tsang2
1University of California, Los Angeles.
Research square
|December 16, 2024
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的高家族风险的婴儿表现出异常的大脑对言语的反应,包括减少处理和向右横向. 语言发展中的这些早期差异可能会为未来的干预提供信息.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是社会沟通障碍和受限制的行为.
- 语言困难在自闭症中很常见,许多被诊断的儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹也表现出延迟.
- 患有自闭症儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹更有可能自己患上这种疾病.
研究的目的:
- 调查高 (HL) 与典型 (TL) 家庭患ASD的可能性的婴儿语言处理中的神经差异.
- 使用fMRI检查婴儿如何处理母语 (英语) 和新 (日语) 语音.
- 识别与ASD相关的语言异常相关的早期神经发育标志物.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于9个月大的婴儿.
- 婴儿在睡觉时接触到原生和新型的语音刺激.
- 全脑和兴趣区域分析评估了神经对语言的反应.
主要成果:
- HL 婴儿表现出减弱的语音反应,特别是在左侧的时语言区域.
- 与TL婴儿相比,HL婴儿在母语和新语言之间没有表现出神经歧视.
- 在HL婴儿中观察到不典型的向右侧化语音处理.
结论:
- 这是第一个测量婴儿母语学习中自闭症相关非典型现象的fMRI研究.
- 这些发现提高了对ASD语言延迟的神经发育基础的理解.
- 早期识别语言异常可以为处于风险的婴儿和儿童提供干预信息.
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