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相关概念视频

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

86
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
86
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.3K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.4K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
5.9K
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.2K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.2K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
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Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

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决策空间模型解释了特定环境的决策.

Dirk W Beck1, Cory N Heaton2, Luis D Davila1

  • 1Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, EI Paso, TX, USA.

Research square
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究介绍了条纹体的计算模型.

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants
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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
  • 神经经济学 神经经济学

背景情况:

  • 最佳的决策依赖于整合内部和外部背景.
  • 偏见的决策是各种神经精神疾病中常见的症状.
  • 现有的决策理论缺乏统一的框架.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一个计算模型,说明条纹体在决策中的作用.
  • 解释体和矩阵对象如何为动作值计算做出贡献.
  • 在一个单一的计算框架下统一现有的决策理论.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一种新的状体计算模型.
  • 在决策任务中分析神经同步.
  • 整合诸如奖励预测错误和直接/间接路径等概念.

主要成果:

  • 该模型展示了体如何为决策创造一个上下文依赖的数学空间.
  • 矩阵区使用这个空间来赋值到动作.
  • 由于增加的维度,在困难的任务中观察到体和矩阵神经元之间的同步增加.

结论:

  • 该模型成功地解释了各种实验发现,并统一了现有的理论.
  • 体在神经经济决策中起着至关重要的作用,并与疾病有关.
  • 该模型提供可测试的预测,关于个体差异的疾病易感性和症状呈现.