30岁的自闭症:成人研究和临床实践的概念化
Elaine Clarke1, Hannah Singer1, Hillary Schiltz1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles.
The American psychologist
|December 16, 2024
概括
自闭症谱系障碍往往持续到成年. 这项研究对自闭症个体进行了30年的跟踪,揭示了各种各样的成人经历,并强调了对自闭症成年人的持续研究和服务的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 心理学科学 心理学科学
- 生命周期 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种常见的神经发育状况.
- 研究和服务往往侧重于童年,忽视了寿命的观点.
- 对于许多人来说,自闭症持续到成年.
研究的目的:
- 审查在幼儿时期被诊断出自闭症个体的成年生活和经验.
- 突出自闭症成年人长期结果的关键方面.
- 为不断增长的自闭症成年人群提供研究,政策和临床实践的信息.
主要方法:
- 来自115名被诊断为自闭症的参与者的数据的叙事综述,年龄在2-3岁之间.
- 长度随访超过30年,参与者的平均年龄达到30.93岁.
- 分析各种参与者特征,包括种族,性别,地点,照顾者教育,认知能力和口头流利.
主要成果:
- 参与者来自不同的背景 (20%黑人/混血,13%女性,43%农村).
- 认知和语言能力各不相同:50人具有平均智商 (98.8) 和语言能力,65人具有智力障碍 (智商28.5) 和/或最小语言能力.
- 成年人的经历显示出与一般人口的区别和相似之处,特别是在生活质量方面.
结论:
- 在童年时被发现的自闭症个体有各种各样的成年经历.
- 对于自闭症成年人来说,生活质量是一个重要的考虑因素.
- 鉴于自闭症成年人的数量和服务需求不断增加,优先考虑对自闭症成年人的研究和临床服务至关重要.
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
59
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
59
Modeling in Therapy
46
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
46
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
24
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
24
Operant Conditioning Intervention
43
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
43
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
43.1K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
43.1K
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
77
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
77


