从塑料中去除有毒化学物质的好处
Maureen Cropper1,2, Sarah Dunlop3,4, Hudson Hinshaw1
1Department of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.
概括
像BPA,DEHP和PBDEs这样的塑料化学物质与严重的健康问题有关,包括心脏病,死亡率和认知缺陷. 减少暴露可以防止数百万人的死亡,并节省数十亿医疗保健费用.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 塑料中使用的化学物质超过16000种,这些化学物质可能会泄露到环境中,并导致人类广泛暴露.
- 双甲 (BPA),二2-乙基) 甲酸盐 (DEHP) 和多二乙烯 (PBDE) 是与塑料相关的化学物质,与不利的健康结果有关.
- 对这些化学物质的暴露与缺血性心脏病,中风,增加死亡率和儿童认知障碍有关.
研究的目的:
- 估计与暴露于BPA,DEHP和PBDE相关的全球健康影响和经济成本.
- 量化减少接触这些化学品的潜在健康益处.
主要方法:
- 利用来自38个国家的暴露数据来估计健康影响.
- 量化了因BPA,DEHP和PBDE而导致的缺血性心脏病,中风,全因死亡率和智商下降的病例.
- 估计了这些健康影响的经济成本在2015年购买力平价美元.
主要成果:
- 2015年,BPA暴露与540万例缺血性心脏病和346,000例中风有关.
- 暴露于DEHP与55-64岁的个体中约有164,000例死亡有关.
- 母亲暴露于PBDE导致全球估计损失了1170万个智商点,相关的医疗成本为1.5万亿美元.
结论:
- 减少对BPA和DEHP的暴露,如果暴露水平保持在2015年的水平,在2003年至2015年期间,在美国可以预防515,000例死亡.
- 自2005年以来,将母亲的PBDE暴露率降低到2015年的水平,在2005-2015年期间可以节省超过4200万个智商点.
- 这些发现突显了塑料相关化学品对公共健康的重大负担,以及减少暴露策略的潜在好处.
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