使用基于混合视觉变压器和主要组件分析的胸部X射线进行强大的结核病诊断
Sameh Abd El-Ghany1, Mohammed Elmogy2, Mahmood A Mahmood1
1Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Aljouf, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
概括
使用视觉变压器 (ViT) 的新计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 系统可以通过胸部X射线准确检测结核病 (TB). 这种人工智能方法显著提高了诊断速度和准确性,有助于全球打击结核病.
科学领域:
- 医学成像和人工智能 医学成像和人工智能
- 计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 系统
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 是由Mycobacterium tuberculosis引起的全球重大健康挑战,主要影响肺部,但也影响其他器官.
- 活动性结核病呈现症状,是可传播的,并面临诸如耐药性,共感染和有限资源等挑战,阻碍了根除努力.
- 通过胸部X射线 (CXR) 准确及时的结核病诊断至关重要,但由于非典型的发现和高负担地区的放射科医生短缺而复杂化.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种先进的计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 系统,用于从胸部X射线 (CXR) 图像中准确识别结核病 (TB).
- 解决诊断延迟和改善患者的治疗结果,特别是在资源有限的环境中.
- 提高结核病诊断过程的效率和降低成本.
主要方法:
- 一个混合CAD系统,集成视觉变压器 (ViT) 来进行深度特征提取,主要组件分析 (PCA) 来减少维度,以及机器学习 (ML) 来进行分类.
- ViT模型作为从CXR图像中提取复杂特征的基础.
- 预处理技术包括调整尺寸,缩放和清除噪音被应用于TB CXR数据集以优化诊断准确性.
主要成果:
- 与现有分类器相比,拟议的混合CAD模型表现出优越的性能.
- 取得了卓越的指标:99.90%的精度,99.52%的回忆率,99.71%的F1分数,99.84%的准确率,0.48%的假负率 (FNR),99.52%的特异性和99.90%的负预测值 (NPV).
- 该系统在CXR图像中有效地识别了结核病,使得迅速的医疗干预成为可能.
结论:
- 开发的基于ViT的混合CAD系统为CXR图像中的结核病检测提供了高度准确和高效的解决方案.
- 该模型的性能超过了当前最先进的分类器,表明其临床应用的潜力.
- 这种人工智能驱动的方法可以显著帮助医疗保健专业人员诊断结核病,改善患者管理和公共卫生结果.
相关概念视频
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
133
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
133
01:10Computed Tomography
4.2K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
4.2K
01:30Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
209
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
209
01:20Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray
142
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
142
01:24X-ray Imaging
5.4K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
5.4K
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
303
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
303