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在成像痴呆症中使用人工智能
Manal Aljuhani1, Azhaar Ashraf2, Paul Edison2,3
1Radiological Science and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Cells
|December 17, 2024
概括
神经成像中的人工智能 (AI) 通过自动化解读,减少错误和改善像阿尔茨海默病这样的疾病的检测来帮助诊断痴呆症. 人工智能工具提高了放射科医生在识别成像异常方面的表现,有可能改变患者护理.
科学领域:
- 神经学和医学成像学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 神经退行性疾病的诊断 神经退行性疾病的诊断
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病是老年人痴呆的主要原因,诊断延迟和误诊带来了重大挑战.
- 神经成像对于诊断神经退行性疾病至关重要,但由于数据的复杂性,容易出现人为错误.
- 在痴呆症患者护理中,急需提高诊断准确度和效率.
研究的目的:
- 评估人工智能 (AI) 算法的潜力,特别是图形卷积网络和卷积神经网络,用于自动化神经图像解释痴呆症诊断.
- 评估人工智能协助对放射科医生在检测特定成像异常,如粉样蛋白相关的成像异常 (ARIA-E和ARIA-H) 的表现的影响.
- 探索将人工智能方法转化为临床实践的可行性,以改善神经退行性疾病的诊断和预后.
主要方法:
- 利用图形卷积网络 (GCN) 框架用于多模式稀疏解释性,用于检测阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍.
- 开发并验证了一个卷积神经网络 (CNN) 模型,使用FDG-PET扫描来预测临床诊断,包括阿尔茨海默病,勒维体痴呆症和轻度认知障碍.
- 对ARIA-E和ARIA-H的放射科医生检测性能进行了比较,有和没有人工智能辅助.
主要成果:
- 与无助解读相比,人工智能辅助解读显著提高了放射科医生检测ARIA-E (87%vs. 71%) 和ARIA-H (79%vs. 69%) 的灵敏度.
- 开发的CNN模型证明了基于FDG-PET成像的最终临床诊断的预测准确性.
- GCN框架在支持阿尔茨海默病及其前期阶段,轻度认知障碍的检测方面表现有前途.
结论:
- 人工智能驱动的神经成像解释的自动化具有显著的潜力,可以减少痴呆症评估中的诊断错误和偏见.
- 人工智能工具可以增强临床决策和提高诊断准确性,特别是在识别微妙的成像生物标志物时.
- 尽管存在实施方面的挑战,神经成像中的人工智能为痴呆症诊断和患者管理提供了一种变革性的方法,有望改善健康结果.
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