气候变化对旧和新玉米杂交品种的影响:罗马尼亚的一个案例研究
Roxana Elena Călugăr1, Andrei Varga1, Carmen Daniela Vana1
1Laboratory of Maize Breeding, Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, 401100 Turda, Romania.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
概括
较新的玉米杂交品种在干旱和热应激下显示出优异的产量和稳定性. 这些先进品种在充满挑战的欧洲气候中提供了更好的表现,优于旧型.
科学领域:
- 农业 农业 农业 农业
- 植物科学 植物科学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 欧洲的玉米作物,特别是罗马尼亚的图尔达,面临着干旱和热浪带来的非生物压力.
- 这些与气候有关的挑战会对玉米产量和质量产生负面影响,需要采取适应性策略.
研究的目的:
- 评估35种玉米杂交品种在干旱和高温条件下的产量性能和稳定性.
- 鉴定出优越的玉米杂交品种,能够抵御不利的气候因素.
主要方法:
- 在七年内研究了合成至制间隔 (ASI),谷物产量和混合稳定性.
- 对比了35种在土尔达农业研发站开发的旧和新玉米杂交品种.
主要成果:
- 较新的杂交品种 (Turda335,Turda2020,Turda380,Sur18/399,HST148) 在不利的年份产量超过8400公斤,在有利的年份产量超过15-16,000公斤.
- 这些顶级混合动力比平均收益率高出29-33%,而较旧的混合动力则比平均收益率低出22%.
- 与最好的年份 (2021) 相比,在2022年 (43.1%) 和2023年 (31.8%) 观察到显著的收益率下降.
结论:
- 最新的玉米杂交品种在干旱和热压下表现出显著的弹性和提高产量潜力.
- 这些发现对于在受极端天气影响的地区开发适应气候的玉米品种至关重要.
- 繁殖努力应集中在促进在具有挑战性的环境条件下增强稳定性和性能的杂交品.
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