植物的功能和进化 甲基化酶的MES家族
Timothy A Chaffin1, Weijiao Wang2, Jin-Gui Chen3,4
1Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
概括
植物甲基聚酶 (MES) 对各种生物过程至关重要,从激素调节到防御机制. 这篇评论强调了它们的多样性功能和陆地植物的古代进化起源.
科学领域:
- 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
- 进化遗传学的进化遗传学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 陆地植物表现出许多遗传创新,包括生产甲基的新型催化反应.
- 甲基生物合成是由SABATH甲基转移酶催化,而去甲基化酶,甲基酶 (MESs) 的理解较少.
- MES在各种生物过程中发挥作用,利用碳酸和甲基作为基质.
研究的目的:
- 提供植物甲基酶 (MES) 基因家族的全面审查.
- 专注于已知的生物化学和生物功能,以及陆地植物中MES基因的进化历史.
- 识别有关MES酶功能,生物作用和演变的知识差距.
主要方法:
- 关于植物王国中特征MES基因的综合文献综述.
- 对已识别的MES基因产品及其基质的生物化学数据的分析.
- 检查MES基因的进化分布和家族遗传关系.
主要成果:
- 已有32个MES基因的生物化学特征,它们对植物激素甲基和专门的代谢物等基质起作用.
- 一个特征的MES成员表现出非酶活性,表明家族内的功能多样性显著.
- 绿藻中没有MES基因,但在陆地植物中无处不在,属于三个古老的群体,表明了深层次的进化起源和分歧.
结论:
- MES基因是调节关键植物过程的组成部分,包括生物/无生物防御,发芽和根部发育.
- MES家族具有古老的起源和功能多样化,具有显著的未开发潜力.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明MES家族的酶功能,生物作用和进化轨迹.
相关概念视频
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions
132
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
132
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition
2.3K
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
2.3K
Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM
2.3K
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
2.3K
Cholinesterases: Distribution and Function
406
Cholinesterases are a group of serine hydrolase enzymes that play a crucial role in the breakdown of choline esters. The two primary types of cholinesterases are acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChEs), which differ in their distribution, function, and substrate specificity. AChEs, also known as true cholinesterases, specifically hydrolyze acetylcholine, while BuChEs, often referred to as pseudocholinesterases, can hydrolyze various choline esters, including...
406
Overview of Metabolism
29.5K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
29.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview
2.0K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.0K


