谷氨酸:在阿尔茨海默病中的分子机制和信号通路,一个潜在的治疗目标
1Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
概括
谷氨酸信号的改变是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的核心. 本综述探讨了谷氨酸在阿尔茨海默病中的分子作用,目前的治疗方法,以及这种神经退行性疾病的未来治疗点.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进展性神经退行性疾病,影响老年人的认知功能.
- 谷氨酸 (GLU) 是一种刺激性神经递质,对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的突触传递和可塑性至关重要.
- 越来越多地认为,谷氨基基信号通路的失调是AD病理生理学的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明谷氨酸在阿尔茨海默病中的分子参与.
- 审查谷氨酸及其受体的治疗潜力作为AD的药物点.
- 讨论当前的治疗策略,其局限性,以及未来的研究方向.
主要方法:
- 文献综述专注于AD中谷氨酸酸的分子机制.
- 对现有的FDA批准的AD药物的分析,包括乙胆酶抑制剂 (AChEIs) 和N-甲基-D-酸受体 (NMDAR) 抗剂.
- 综合专家意见和该领域的研究趋势.
主要成果:
- 谷氨酸信号传递的改变与阿尔茨海默病有关.
- 已批准的AD治疗包括AChEIs (加兰他胺,多尼佩西尔,里瓦斯蒂格明) 和NMDAR抗剂美曼丁.
- 谷氨酸及其受体代表了阿尔茨海默病的有希望的治疗点.
结论:
- 了解谷氨酸在阿尔茨海默病中的分子作用对于开发有效治疗方法至关重要.
- 现有疗法提供症状缓解,但不能阻止疾病的进展.
- 对基于谷氨酸的治疗方法的进一步研究对未来的AD管理具有重大前景.
相关概念视频
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
162
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
162
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
2.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.1K
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
444
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
444
Ligand-gated Ion Channels
12.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
12.1K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
280
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
280
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory
428
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
428


