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相关概念视频

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

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Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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键是有方向性的吗?

Velina R Boro1, Binoy K Saha1, Gurudosguptha Rangazhvar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India. binoypu.che@pondiuni.edu.in.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)
|December 17, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

统计分析显示,与最初的观察相反,键是定向和线性的. 计算研究表明,这些键具有中等强度,为化学提供了新的见解.

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科学领域:

  • 无机化学 无机化学
  • 计算化学计算化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 键在各种化学结构中至关重要.
  • 了解它们的几何和强度是预测材料特性的关键.
  • 之前的分析缺乏几何校正,导致了潜在的误解.

研究的目的:

  • 研究键的几何偏好和线性.
  • 为了确定键的定向性质和强度.
  • 为了澄清以前的统计分析中相互矛盾的发现.

主要方法:

  • 对具有不同协调号码 (四和五协调) 的复合体进行统计分析.
  • 进行计算研究以评估债券的强度和特征.
  • 在统计分析中应用几何校正,以获得准确的几何解释.

主要成果:

  • 未经纠正的统计分析表明非线性几何形状.
  • 经过几何校正的分析显示,键主要是定向和线性的.
  • 计算研究表明,键可以表现出中度至强度的结合.

结论:

  • 证实键是线性和定向的.
  • 这些发现解决了先前几何评估中的差异.
  • 中等到强的键强度对设计基于的新型材料有影响.