畜牧放牧对雪和类猎物的时空空间相互作用的影响
Kai Xu1,2, Wenhong Xiao1, Dazhi Hu3
1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Integrative zoology
|December 17, 2024
概括
畜牧放牧影响掠食者-猎物动态,影响雪 (Panthera uncia) 和类动物的相互作用. 这些发现支持人类盾牌和竞争对手假设,影响在放牧区的猎物可用性和捕食者回避.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 时空捕食者与猎物的相互作用对于生态系统的稳定性至关重要.
- 人为干扰,如畜牧放牧,显著改变野生动物种群及其相互作用.
- 放牧对掠食者-猎物动态的细微影响仍然不太清楚,提出了相互竞争的假设 (人类盾牌与人类竞争者).
研究的目的:
- 调查小规模牲畜放牧如何影响雪及其类猎物的时空占用,活动模式和相互作用.
- 测试人类盾牌和人类竞争对手假设在不同放牧强度下雪与无毛动物相互作用的适用性.
- 为有效的牧场管理和雪保护战略提供见解.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自中国西北部甘千里山国家自然保护区的摄像机捕捉数据.
- 测量了雪和主要类猎物物种的占用率和日常活动模式.
- 分析了掠食者和猎物之间的时空相互作用,在牲畜放牧强度相反的地区.
主要成果:
- 放牧影响了蓝羊 (Pseudois nayaur) 的空间和时间模式,减少了它们与雪的交互频率.
- 对于二级猎物,放牧减少了雪与白唇鹿和红鹿的相互作用频率,但增加了与高山鹿的相互作用频率.
- 观察到的效应与人类盾牌和人类竞争对手假设一致,表明对放牧的复杂反应.
结论:
- 畜牧放牧对掠食者与猎物的相互作用产生了复杂的影响,由猎物回避和资源竞争驱动.
- 了解这些细微的影响对于管理牧场和保护危的捕食者,如雪,至关重要.
- 研究结果强调,需要采用综合方法,在共同的景观中平衡人类活动和野生动物保护.
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