在儿童的第三方惩罚认知和情感过程
Rhea L Arini1,2, Juliana Bocarejo Aljure3, Nereida Bueno Guerra4
1School of Psychology, Sport Science, and Wellbeing, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|December 18, 2024
概括
7岁的孩子在惩罚决策中优先考虑意图而不是结果,与经常误判惩罚的成年人不同.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
背景情况:
- 关于儿童道德判断的先前研究往往采用西方文化的样本.
- 了解儿童惩罚决策和情感状态的发展至关重要.
- 关于儿童如何在不同道德领域整合惩罚的意图和结果的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究与惩罚有关的儿童情感状态的变化,随着时间的推移.
- 为了确定儿童在惩罚中优先考虑意图而不是结果的年龄.
- 为了比较关于以集体为中心 (不忠诚) 和以个人为中心 (不公平) 的违法行为的道德判断.
主要方法:
- 该研究涉及来自哥伦比亚和西班牙的123名5至11岁儿童.
- 参与者对道德场景做出了回应,其中涉及不忠诚和不公平的真实违法行为.
- 收集关于惩罚行为的数据,与惩罚相关的情感状态,以及意图与结果的认知整合.
主要成果:
- 孩子们没有预期从惩罚中获得乐趣,避免了在成年人身上看到的情感预测错误.
- 儿童在7岁左右的惩罚决策中开始优先考虑意图而不是结果,比之前报告的更早.
- 孩子们更关心不忠于不公平,而不是不公平,惩罚的严厉程度因道德领域和年龄而异.
结论:
- 儿童对惩罚的情感预测比以前认为的更准确.
- 意图融入惩罚决策的过程比先前的行为研究表明的要早.
- 文化学习过程可能会影响个人与团体关注在道德发展中的相对重要性.
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