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相关概念视频

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

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Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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应对肠道肝炎的挑战和全球趋势

Mariana Alves Elois1,2,3, Henrique Borges da Silva Grisard1, David Rodríguez-Lázaro2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.

The Journal of general virology
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概括

由于对肝炎A (HAV) 和E (HEV) 的了解和诊断有限,它们对全球健康构成风险. 研究正在推进,以改善检测和解决影响肠道肝炎传播的环境因素.

关键词:
一个健康 一个健康挑战 挑战 挑战 挑战 挑战肠道性肝炎 肠道性肝炎公共卫生公共卫生.趋势 趋势 趋势

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科学领域:

  • *病毒学和公共卫生:专注于肠道肝炎病毒 (HAV,HEV).
  • *传染病流行病学:研究传染动态和传播率.
  • *环境健康:研究气候和环境对疾病传播的影响.

背景情况:

  • *由甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 引起的肠道肝炎是全球重要的健康问题.
  • *对HAV和HEV生物学和病理生理学的不完全理解阻碍了有效的控制.
  • * 挑战包括缺乏可靠的复制系统和标准化诊断测试,导致低估了患病率.

研究的目的:

  • * 审查肠道肝炎的新兴研究挑战和趋势.
  • *强调需要改进HAV和HEV的诊断工具.
  • * 探索动物传播和环境/气候变化对疾病动态的影响.

主要方法:

  • * 关于肠道肝炎 (HAV和HEV) 的当前研究的文献综述.
  • * 分析影响疾病传播的因素,包括气候变化和全球化.
  • *确定诊断,病毒复制和传播方面的研究缺口.

主要成果:

  • * 关于HAV和HEV复制和病变的重大知识差距仍然存在.
  • * 目前的诊断方法不是普遍可用的或标准化的,影响了流行数据.
  • *气候变化,环境变化和流动性增加加剧了HAV和HEV的传播.

结论:

  • * 开发更有效的HAV和HEV诊断工具至关重要.
  • *了解动物传播和环境变化的影响对于控制至关重要.
  • * 需要合作,跨学科的努力,以有效地打击肠道肝炎.