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对水溶性和可生物降解塑料及其应用的环境问题 - - 综述

Fritjof Nilsson¹, Patric Elf², Antonio Capezza²

¹Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; FSCN Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden.

The Science of the total environment

|December 18, 2024

概括

水溶性塑料被广泛使用,但会给环境带来风险,因为它们的降解产品可能是危险的. 应限制在环境应用中的过度使用,尽可能优先使用天然聚合物.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
聚合物科学聚合物科学
绿色化学绿色化学

背景情况:

水溶性聚合物 (WSPs) 在各种应用中越来越普遍,从化品到净水.
尽管它们具有实用性,但许多WSP的环境影响,包括生物积累和毒性,仍然被低估.
由于其化学结构,许多合成WSP是不可生物降解的,这引发了持久性问题.

研究的目的:

审查关键的水溶性和生物降解性聚合物,它们的应用,以及相关的环境影响.
为了突出与WSP降解产品相关的潜在危险.
倡导负责任地使用和监管WSPs.

主要方法:

关于水溶性聚合物的科学出版物的文献综述.
聚合物应用和环境命运数据的分析.
评估与WSP使用和退化相关的风险.

主要成果:

虽然WSP被广泛使用,但它们带来的环境风险,包括降解产品的潜在毒性 (例如,来自聚烯胺),是显著的.
非生物降解的WSP可以在环境中持续存在,从而导致微塑料污染.
在许多应用中,天然聚合物可能提供较低风险的替代品.

结论:

应避免在易于释放到环境中的应用中过度使用WSP.
条例应将不可生物降解的WSP视为微塑料,要求进行风险评估,并对可冲洗产品进行明确标签.
优先考虑天然聚合物和更严格的监督可以减轻WSPs带来的环境危害.

关键词:

环境环境环境环境卫生健康卫生健康卫生健康塑料塑料是一种塑料.聚合物聚合物聚合物溶于水中的水溶性

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