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相关概念视频

Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

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The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

645
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
645
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Estimating Population Standard Deviation01:26

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When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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报告有关健康状况值的不确定性:一种标准方法和实例.

Nancy J Devlin1, Giselle Abangma2, Andrew Lloyd2

  • 1Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员展示了与健康相关的生活质量价值计算标准误差 (SE) 的方法. 这为成本效益模型提供了关键的不确定性信息,增强了敏感性分析.

关键词:
在EQ-5D中,我们可以使用EQ-5D.人权质量标准 (HRQoL)这就是QALYs.健康状态偏好,健康状况偏好.不确定性是一种不确定性.公用事业公司公用事业公司价值集是一个价值集.价值观的价值观的价值观.

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科学领域:

  • 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
  • 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
  • 生物统计学 生物统计学

背景情况:

  • 价值集对于成本效益分析至关重要,通常报告系数标准误差 (SE).
  • 现有的报告实践缺乏关于健康状况价值不确定性的信息,这阻碍了经济建模中的敏感性分析.
  • 对于与健康相关的生活质量价值的标准误差对于稳健的经济评估至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 展示一套值集内的所有健康状况值计算SE的方法.
  • 为了提供一个实际的例子,使用英国的EQ-5D-3L值集.
  • 倡导对健康状况值进行SEs的例行报告.

主要方法:

  • 使用来自价值集合模型的方差/共方差矩阵来估计SEs.
  • 应用该方法来复制英国EQ-5D-3L值集及其相关的方差/协方差矩阵.
  • 使用健康测量和评估研究数据计算所有243个EQ-5D-3L健康状况的SEs.

主要成果:

  • 成功计算了英国EQ-5D-3L值组中的所有健康状态的SEs.
  • 发现SE的范围相对于健康状况值来说很小.
  • 计算的SE取决于模型规格,并可能因其他规格而有所不同.

结论:

  • 应该采用SE对健康状况值的例行报告,以告知用户参数不确定性.
  • 这些SE代表了全面了解偏好权重不确定性的重要一步.
  • 对价值集的不确定性报告的改进将提高质量调整的寿命年 (QALY) 估计的可靠性.