Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

9.0K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.0K
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

11.9K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
11.9K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

1.3K
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
1.3K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

8.7K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
8.7K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

7.0K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.0K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

TOP1 and TOP2 complementarily maintain DNA replication fork progression in vertebrates.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Functions of a subunit of DNA polymerase δ, POLD3, revealed by depletion of WRNIP1.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025
Same author

ST2<sup>+</sup> effector memory helper T cells are responsible for long-term asthma exacerbation leading to female-predominant airway inflammation.

Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology·2025
Same author

TIPIN is essential for chromosome stability and cell viability in BRCA1-deficient cells.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025
Same author

The Possible Crystallization Process in the Origin of Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses, and Mobile Elements.

Biology·2025
Same author

Theoretical Framework for Novel Catalytic Biomolecules Composed of Multiple Peptides.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin·2024

相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

1.7K

一个基于突变分析的核细胞进化的假设.

Yu Nakabayashi1, Masayuki Seki1

  • 1Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University.

Genes & genetic systems
|December 18, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

细胞核细胞体的进化涉及古老祖先的组蛋白,巨型病毒在最后一个细胞共同祖先 (LECA) 建立关键特征方面发挥了作用. 这项研究模拟了早期真核细胞体中核细胞体的出现和基因组的进化.

关键词:
在H2A.Z.在LECA的LECA.这是一个巨型病毒.基因组 基因组 基因组核子组中的核子

更多相关视频

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
09:26

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones

Published on: March 26, 2017

11.0K
Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques
05:58

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.0K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

1.7K
Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
09:26

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones

Published on: March 26, 2017

11.0K
Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques
05:58

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.0K

科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 核细胞由DNA和基因组蛋白组成,是真核生物染色体结构的基础.
  • 从古老同类的真核组织蛋白的进化起源尚未完全理解.
  • 之前的研究发现了酵母和试种子体中保存的组素残留物,在巨型病毒中有一些保存.

研究的目的:

  • 为了模拟真核细胞核细胞的出现,并追踪基因组蛋白的进化路径.
  • 调查巨型病毒在最后一个真核生物共同祖先 (LECA) 中建立基质子特征中的作用.
  • 为基因组H3变异的起源和它们在染色体分离中的作用提出假设.

主要方法:

  • 在Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Trypanosoma brucei和巨型病毒中的基因组残留的比较遗传分析.
  • 基于保存的组素残留物和病毒核细胞体结构的真核细胞核细胞体出现模型的开发.
  • 遗传学分析以推断基因蛋白及其域的进化历史.

主要成果:

  • 鉴定了26种保存的基因组残留物,15种是必需的,11种是通过酵母中的FEN1删除合成致命的.
  • 提出了一个模型,在巨型病毒中,质子双重化促进了真核细胞核细胞体特征的形成,例如酸性补丁和入口点.
  • 证明了组蛋白双重体的分裂导致了H2A变异H2A.Z和H2A.Z染色体结合的真核生物特异域.
  • 在LECA中,假设N-tail转移到H3的水平基因转移,在CENP-A进化之前.

结论:

  • 欧核细胞核细胞的进化涉及古老祖先和巨型病毒的贡献,塑造了关键的结构和功能组成部分.
  • 该模型表明基因组复杂性的逐步演变,包括H2A.Z和特定的染色质结合域的出现.
  • 拟议的进化时间表将CENP-A和相关过程的出现置于LECA之后,表明Euglenida是真核生物的根源.