利用人工智能和机器学习加速发现1型糖尿病疾病修饰疗法
Melanie R Shapiro1,2, Erin M Tallon3,4,5, Matthew E Brown1,2
1Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Diabetologia
|December 18, 2024
概括
人工智能和机器学习通过使药物重新定位和个性化治疗策略,加速1型糖尿病 (T1D) 治疗的发展. 这些先进的计算方法,以及多omics和数字双胞胎,旨在克服T1D干预措施的传统临床试验限制.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 开发1型糖尿病 (T1D) 治疗方法是具有挑战性的,因为动物模型有限,临床试验昂贵,患者异质.
- 对于T1D干预措施的传统临床试验是漫长的,昂贵的,并且经常产生异质的结果.
- 现有的研究依赖于安慰剂对照试验,这些试验耗时,可能无法完全捕捉治疗疗效.
研究的目的:
- 对加速药物发现和在1型糖尿病中有效性测试的新兴策略进行审查.
- 探索人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 在T1D治疗开发中的潜力.
- 讨论新的方法,包括药物重新定位,组合疗法,多组合疗法和T1D的数字双胞胎.
主要方法:
- 关于AI/ML在药物发现和T1D研究中的应用现有文献的综述.
- 分析生物标志物发现和免疫疗法开发的新兴多omics技术.
- 讨论人工智能驱动的"数字双胞胎"模型,用于个人化T1D病原体的in silico测试和剂量优化.
主要成果:
- 人工智能和机器学习可以显著加快潜在T1D疗法的识别和测试.
- 药物重新定位和协同药物组合显示出增强治疗疗效的前景.
- 多omics技术可能会产生用于早期诊断和抗原特异性免疫疗法的新生物标志物.
结论:
- 人工智能/肌肉复杂性,多组体和数字双胞胎为克服T1D治疗开发中的传统障碍提供了强大的工具.
- 这些先进的方法可以促进个性化医疗,提高临床试验的效率.
- 进一步的验证研究对于解决AI/ML的局限性,如可解释性和偏见,确保可靠的临床实践转化至关重要.
相关概念视频
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.4K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
234
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
234
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.2K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.2K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
142
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
142
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
297
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
297
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research
2.8K
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
2.8K


