在分拣中使用机器学习和自然语言处理来预测急诊室的临床处置
Yu-Hsin Chang1, Ying-Chen Lin2, Fen-Wei Huang1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 40447, Taiwan.
BMC emergency medicine
|December 19, 2024
概括
使用NLP的机器学习模型通过整合结构化和非结构化数据准确预测患者的情绪,超过紧急医生. 这改善了急诊室的资源分配和患者护理.
科学领域:
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
背景情况:
- 准确的患者分组对于有效的资源分配和减少住院时间至关重要.
- 提供者之间的分离主观性可能导致患者处置不足 (过量或不足分离).
- 这项研究旨在开发和验证机器学习 (ML) 模型,以使用自然语言处理 (NLP) 预测患者的倾向.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估结合NLP的ML模型,用于预测急诊室 (ED) 中的患者处置情况.
- 将这些ML模型的性能与急诊医生 (EP) 的判断进行比较.
- 评估整合结构化和非结构化临床数据对预测准确性的影响.
主要方法:
- 从2018年1月到2019年12月的ED数据的回顾性分析 (CMUH和AUH).
- 包括20岁及以上的非创伤患者.
- 在结构化数据和NLP处理的非结构化自由文本笔记上训练ML模型 (包括随机森林,梯度提升).
- 使用初级 (ED死亡/ICU入院) 和二次 (病房入院/转移) 结果进行评估,以EP的预测为参考.
主要成果:
- 所有开发的ML模型在F1分数方面都超过了EP和基于分拣级的后勤回归模型.
- 随机森林模型展示了强大的校准和预测性能,主要/次要结果的Brier分数为0.072/0.089 (内部) 和0.076/0.095 (外部).
- 纳入NLP处理的非结构化数据显著提高了ML模型的性能.
结论:
- 经过验证的ML模型整合了结构化和非结构化分拣数据,可以准确地预测患者的处置.
- 这些模型有效地区分普通病房的入院和危急情况 (ICU入院,ED死亡).
- 这两种数据类型的整合显著提高了预测模型的性能,为临床决策支持提供了有价值的工具.
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