在尼日利亚阿布贾评估乙型肝炎查,患病率,疫苗接种覆盖率和与护理的联系:来自跨部门研究的见解
Ogechukwu MaryAnn Akabuike1, Mabel Kamweli Aworh2, Nkiruka Lynda Uzoebo1
1Remedium Plus Foundation, Efab Estate, Lokogoma, Abuja, Nigeria.
BMC public health
|December 19, 2024
概括
乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 影响了阿布贾4.3%的查个人,年轻人和男性的发病率更高. 接种疫苗的数量随着接种次数的增加而减少,因此需要有针对性的干预措施来改善完成和减少传播.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 构成了全球重大健康挑战,特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲.
- 尼日利亚面临着高HBV流行率,超过8%,尽管有疫苗,由于缺乏意识和覆盖.
- 这项研究解决了需要提高HBV意识,查,接种疫苗,并链接到阿布贾的护理.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估在阿布贾的乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染的流行率.
- 评估HBV疫苗接种率,并确定影响疫苗接种率的因素.
- 为针对HBV控制的有针对性的公共卫生干预提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究选了阿布贾16个地区的3,245名18岁以上的个人 (2022年4月至2023年3月).
- 乙型肝炎查使用免疫染色学测试和RT-PCR进行HBV DNA量化.
- 关于社会人口统计和疫苗接种状况的数据采集并使用奇平方测试进行分析.
主要成果:
- 总共有4.3% (141/3,245) 的人检测出HBV阳性,在20-39岁年龄组 (5.9%) 和男性 (5.4%) 的患病率高于女性 (3.7%).
- HBV阳性个体的平均年龄 (30.8岁) 比HBV阴性个体 (36.2岁) 显著低.
- 第一剂疫苗接种率很高 (99.3%),但第二剂 (73.2%) 和第三剂 (43.9%) 显著下降.
结论:
- 该研究发现阿布贾的HBV流行率为4.3%,主要集中在年轻人和男性中.
- 随后接种疫苗剂量的坚持率下降凸显了实现全面免疫的关键差距.
- 针对年轻人和男性的有针对性的干预,以及加强社区参与,对于改善疫苗接种完成和减少HBV传播至关重要.
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