相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

移动基因元素中的CRISPR:反防御,元素间竞争和RNA引导的转换

Eugene V Koonin¹, Kira S Makarova²

¹Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA. koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

|December 19, 2024

概括

移动遗传元素 (MGE) 已经将细菌的CRISPR免疫系统重新用于自身的优势. 这种基因转移突显了MGE及其宿主之间的动态共同进化.

科学领域:

微生物学微生物学
分子生物学分子生物学
遗传学遗传学是一个

背景情况:

克里斯普尔系统 (集群定期间隔的短时间Palindromic重复) 系统为细菌和古生物提供了对病毒和移动遗传元素 (MGE) 的适应性免疫.
这些RNA引导的干扰机制对于对抗外来遗传物质的宿主防御至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查MGE对CRISPR系统及其组件的招聘和功能适应.
了解这种基因转移在宿主-寄生虫共同进化的含义.

主要方法:

对MGE基因组进行生物信息分析,以确定与CRISPR相关的基因和系统.
比较基因组学研究CRISPR组件在MGE中的分布和演变.
编码MGE的CRISPR系统的功能性表征 (例如,细菌体,等离子体,转子子系统).

主要成果:

菌体利用功能CRISPR系统来准宿主防御,并使用CRISPR组件进行病毒间的竞争.
等离子体 (例如,IV/V-M型) 和转位子 (例如,TN7型,Mu型) 编码CRISPR系统或组件 (例如,CAST) 进行等离子体间竞争和特定位置转位.
克里斯普尔系统及其单个单元在主机和MGE之间广泛共享.

结论:

通过MGE招募CRISPR系统代表了MGE适应和扩散的重大进化策略.
这一现象强调了MGE及其宿主共同进化过程中发生的动态相互作用和广泛的基因交换.
了解这些相互作用为微生物基因组进化和防御机制提供了洞察力.

关键词:

克里斯普尔系统是克里斯普尔系统.与CRISPR相关的转基因酶.感应 (Exaptation) 是一种表现形式.移动的遗传元素是移动的

更多相关视频

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Published on: September 8, 2012

Electroporation-Based CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in THP-1 Cells and Single-Cell Clone Isolation

Electroporation-Based CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in THP-1 Cells and Single-Cell Clone Isolation

Published on: February 28, 2025

相关概念视频

CRISPR

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...

CRISPR and crRNAs

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...