艾滋病毒流行病的演变和新出现的挑战 - 中国,1989-2023年
Chang Cai1,2, Houlin Tang1,2, Dongmin Li1,2
1National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
China CDC weekly
|December 19, 2024
概括
中国的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 疫情已经从注射毒品使用者转向性传播,严重蔓延到普通人口中. 针对性预防策略对于高风险和一般人群至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 中国的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 疫情自出现以来发生了重大变化.
- 了解不断变化的传播动态对于有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对中国的艾滋病毒流行病学景观进行全面分析.
- 审查历史进展并评估艾滋病毒流行病的当前状态.
- 为了确定传输模式和地理关联的趋势.
主要方法:
- 数据是从中国的艾滋病毒/艾滋病综合响应信息管理系统 (CRIMS) 中提取的.
- 使用堆叠的区域图表可视化传输模式.
- 使用统计方法分析了地理相关性和传播趋势,包括散射图,皮尔森相关系数,Venn图和Cochran-Armitage测试.
主要成果:
- 艾滋病毒疫情经历了四个阶段:注射毒品使用者 (IDU) 主导的,前血捐赠者 (FPD) 爆发,性传播主导地位和一般人口传播.
- 在高IDU病例和异性传播率高的省份之间存在强烈的相关性 (r=0.88,P<0.001).
- 从2015-2023年,通过非婚姻,非商业异性接触 (NMNCHC) 确定了393926例普通人口病例,这些病例占异性传播的比例越来越高 (46.2%至55.7%).
结论:
- 艾滋病毒在中国一般人口中的大量传播带来了新兴的流行病学挑战.
- 对于高风险和普通人群来说,迫切需要针对性的预防策略,以减轻进一步的传播.
- 持续的流行病学监测和量身定制的干预措施对于控制中国的艾滋病毒流行病至关重要.
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