关于有意识人类大脑器官的可能性的道德直觉:一个实验伦理研究
Koji Ota1, Tetsushi Tanibe2, Takumi Watanabe3
1Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. ota.koji.fw@u.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Science and engineering ethics
|December 19, 2024
概括
人们直观地根据人类大脑器官 (HBOs) 的意识潜力来评估它们的价值,而不仅仅是疼痛或快乐. 关于HBOs的判断既考虑疼痛,也考虑视觉体验,这表明意识本身具有道德权重.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 道德心理学道德心理学
背景情况:
- 人类大脑器官 (HBOs) 的道德地位是一个日益严重的伦理问题.
- 辩论的中心是HBOs是否可以实现非凡的意识,以及这涉及到什么道德考虑.
研究的目的:
- 实证地调查公众对有意识的HBOs的道德敏感性.
- 了解关于对HBOs的行动的判断如何受到其潜在经验的影响.
主要方法:
- 评估了参与者的直观道德判断,以评估他们对HBOs的行为.
- 该研究操纵了假设的HBOs的疼痛和视觉体验的存在或不存在.
主要成果:
- 关于创造/摧毁HBOs的道德判断受到疼痛经验的存在/缺席的影响.
- 视觉体验也显著影响了道德判断,独立于疼痛.
- 研究结果表明,对现象意识的价值独立方面有道德敏感性.
结论:
- 公众的道德直觉在HBOs中比纯粹的价值 (疼痛/快乐) 之外更重视现象意识.
- 这些发现挑战了理论,这些理论将HBO的道德地位仅仅放在取决于价值的意识上.
- 结果为正在进行的关于HBOs的伦理辩论提供了见解,无论未来意识的可信性如何.
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