披露生物性别可能会影响个人的隐私
Vanessa Lynch1, Laura Jane Heathfield2, Bruce Budowle3
1Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Member of the Forensic Databases Advisory Board (FDAB).
Forensic science international. Genetics
|December 19, 2024
概括
法医DNA分析经常报告生物性别,但由于生物性别和性别认同之间的区别,这可能会侵犯隐私. 推单独的定义和有限的数据共享对于保护个人至关重要.
科学领域:
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
背景情况:
- 法医DNA分析通常使用短串重复 (STR) 标记物和确定性别的标记物,如Amelogenin用于人类识别.
- 生物性,由基因决定并在出生时分配,经常与性别认同混为一谈,这是个人的表达.
- 目前的法医DNA实践可能无法解释生物性别,性别认同和遗传异常的复杂性.
研究的目的:
- 突出在法医DNA分析中报告生物性别的潜在隐私影响.
- 检查生物性别和性别认同之间的区别如何影响个人.
- 倡导在法医环境中收集和传播生物性别信息的政策变化.
主要方法:
- 分析当前的法医DNA分析实践,包括使用性别决定标记.
- 讨论生物性别和性别认同之间的差异,包括遗传变异.
- 展示案例场景,以说明潜在的隐私侵犯和道德考虑.
主要成果:
- 从DNA资料中报告生物性别可以无意中披露敏感的个人信息,包括遗传异常或未披露的性别转变.
- 这种披露可能会对个人及其家属的隐私产生重大影响,特别是当它与调查无关时.
- 在法医DNA数据库中对生物性别的例行报告可能会带来超出其识别必要性的风险.
结论:
- 生物性和性别应该被认为是不同的概念,而不是可以互换使用.
- 需要对DNA档案的定义进行审查,以增加关于报告与性别有关的信息的清晰度.
- 需要制定政策和协议,限制在非必要时从DNA档案中公开披露生物性别,以保护个人隐私.
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