印度多维贫困和非贫困人口的预期寿命和过早死亡率的估计
1International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India. Jyotidas2112@gmail.com.
BMC public health
|December 20, 2024
概括
与非贫困人士相比,印度多维贫困人士的预期寿命显著降低,过早死亡率更高. 这些差异在城市地区尤为明显,突出了严重的健康不平等.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 中,多维贫困减少和长寿增加同时发生.
- 有限的研究已经探索了与多维贫困相关的预期寿命和过早死亡率.
- 这项研究的重点是估计这些指标的多维贫困和非贫困人口在印度.
研究的目的:
- 估计和比较印度多维贫困人口和非贫困人口之间的预期寿命和过早死亡率.
- 分析各种社会人口特征的寿命和死亡率的差异.
- 为有针对性的健康干预和政策制定提供证据.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自国家家庭和健康调查-5 (2019-21) 的微数据,包括636,699个家庭和2,843,917个个人.
- 评估了使用11个指标在教育,健康和生活水平方面的多维贫困.
- 从出生历史数据和报告的死亡数据构建了生命表,以计算预期寿命,过早死亡率 (70岁之前) 和成人死亡率 (15-59岁).
主要成果:
- 印度的多维贫困率估计为26%,区域差异很大.
- 多维贫困个体在出生时的预期寿命 (LEB) 比非贫困个体 (69.0年) 低4年 (65.2年).
- 与非贫困人口 (0.25) 相比,多维贫困人口 (0.33) 的过早死亡率更高,成人死亡率也较高 (0.17对0.12).
结论:
- 印度的多维贫困人群与非贫困人群相比,寿命缩短,过早死亡率增加.
- 贫困人口和非贫困人口的预期寿命差异在城市地区 (4.6年) 比农村地区 (1.8年) 更大.
- 在社会人口群体中,早产和成年人死亡率的差异很大,居住 (城市-农村) 显示出比种姓或宗教更大的影响.
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