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蝙蝠冠状病毒在中国的起源和跨物种传播

Alice Latinne^1,2, Ben Hu³, Kevin J Olival¹

¹EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA.

Nature communications

|December 20, 2024

概括

这项研究揭示了蝙蝠冠状病毒 (CoV) 的进化和传播,在alpha-CoV中经常发生宿主切换,在Rhinolophus蝙蝠中可能是SARS-CoV-2的来源,有助于动物传播疾病的监测.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
进化生物学进化生物学
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

蝙蝠是各种冠状病毒 (CoV) 的自然储库,包括与SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2相关的冠状病毒.
了解冠状病毒的进化和蝙蝠的跨物种传播对于预测和预防未来的动物传播疫情至关重要.

研究的目的:

研究中国蝙蝠冠状病毒的宏观进化,宿主交换模式和地理分布.
为了确定针对性监测的CoV多样性的热点.
为了推断蝙蝠种群中SARS-CoV-2的潜在起源.

主要方法:

利用贝叶斯统计框架分析了一大批蝙蝠CoV序列的数据集,包括来自中国的589个新型序列.
进行了遗传学分析来重建进化关系和传播事件.
识别了与CoV多样性相关的宿主类型和地理区域.

主要成果:

与β-CoV相比,主体切换更频繁,并且涉及与alpha-CoVs相比更遥远的相关类型.
贝塔-CoV宿主交换更受宿主遗传距离的限制.
犀牛类蝙蝠,特别是犀牛类蝙蝠,是家族间和家族间CoV转换的关键宿主.
在中国确定了CoV进化多样性的特定热点.
遗传学分析表明,SARS-CoV-2可能起源于Rhinolophus spp. 蝙蝠蝙蝠蝙蝠蝙蝠蝙蝠蝙蝠

结论:

蝙蝠冠状病毒表现出复杂的进化动态,在α-CoV和β-CoV之间具有不同的宿主切换模式.
在特定的蝙蝠种群和区域中确定CoV热点对于积极的动物性传染病监测至关重要.
这些发现为SARS-CoV-2的潜在起源提供了洞察力,强调了研究Rhinolophus蝙蝠中的病毒的重要性.

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