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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
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15点对比通过/失败评分在正牙教育:一个随机对照试验

Marina Julia Bialas1, Jonas Q Schmid1, Claudius Middelberg1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Journal of dental education
|December 20, 2024
PubMed
概括

与通过/失败相比,一个15分评分系统在牙科教育中略有改善了正牙器械的质量. 虽然有益,但临床意义在各个课程中各不相同,女性学生表现优于男性.

关键词:
牙科教育 牙科教育分级系统分级系统分级系统.手动技巧 手动技能 手动技能牙矯正器具的使用方法通过/失败通过/失败

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Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
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It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
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Bonferroni Test

The Bonferroni test is a statistical test named after Carlo Emilio Bonferroni, an Italian mathematician best known for Bonferroni inequalities. This statistical test is a type of multiple comparison test to determine which means are different than the rest. Bonferroni test can minimize the Type 1 error by reducing the significance level alpha, which otherwise increases with sample pairs.
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The null hypothesis of the...
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Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
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Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test

The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
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An infinite series composed of positive terms may either approach a finite value or increase without bound. Determining which outcome occurs is a central task in calculus, and comparison tests provide structured methods for making this determination. Rather than evaluating a series directly, these tests relate it to another series whose behavior is already known, allowing conclusions to be drawn through logical comparison.The direct comparison test applies to series with positive terms. If each...