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通过与陌生人互动,我们可以从人类本性中学到什么? 关系类型决定了独裁者游戏中的行为
Peter Kardos1, Bernhard Leidner2, Sanjay Nawalkha2
1Kean University.
The Journal of psychology
|December 20, 2024
概括
行为决策研究通常假定陌生人揭示了基本的人性. 这项研究主张关系类型学,表明不同类型的合作伙伴在经济游戏中显著影响行为.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 决策研究 决策研究
背景情况:
- 行为决策研究经常假设匿名的陌生人揭示了基本的人类本性.
- 现有的心理学和种族学的文献表明,陌生人不是研究行为的"基线合作伙伴".
- 在经济游戏中过度依赖陌生人的互动可能会限制对微妙的人类行为的理解.
研究的目的:
- 挑战陌生人代表人类行为的基线的假设.
- 提出和测试一种影响决策的基本人际关系类型的类型学.
- 为解释基于关系背景的经济游戏结果提供一个框架.
主要方法:
- 使用假设的独裁者游戏进行了两次大规模实验 (N=848和N=2400).
- 参与者与16种不同的伴侣类型之一互动,代表各种关系 (例如,母亲,朋友,陌生人).
- 分析行为反应以确定关系伙伴的集群和类型.
主要成果:
- 确定了不同的交互伙伴集群,形成直观有意义的关系类型 (亲人,亲密伙伴,伴侣,合同伙伴,非人性化的其他人).
- 这些关系类型学预测了独裁者游戏中的行为差异,即使控制了关系距离.
- 证明关系类型是行为决策的关键因素.
结论:
- 人类在经济游戏中的行为在很大程度上取决于与交互伙伴的关系类型.
- 基本的人际关系的类型学提供了一个更细致的框架,而不是仅仅依赖于陌生人的互动.
- 这些发现需要使用陌生合作伙伴对过去研究的解释进行重新校准,并为未来的研究提供背景.
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