呼吸道感染在癌症环境中的传播模型:系统性审查
Sara N Levintow1, Molly Remch1, Emily P Jones2
1Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Epidemics
|December 20, 2024
概括
监狱环境中的传播建模对于控制结核病和SARS-CoV-2等传染病至关重要. 需要加强模型验证和伦理考虑,以便在监狱和监狱中进行有效的公共卫生干预.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 数学建模的数学建模
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 监狱环境中的传染病爆发带来了独特的挑战.
- 传播模型对于理解和缓解这些疫情至关重要.
- 之前的审查早于SARS-CoV-2大流行期间疫情的显著增加.
研究的目的:
- 在癌症环境中系统审查使用呼吸道感染传播模型的研究.
- 分析模型方法,干预措施及其在SARS-CoV-2大流行之前和期间的影响.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase,Scopus,CINAHL和PsycInfo (1970-2024) 中进行系统搜索.
- 提取有关疾病,人口,环境,建模方法,参数化,校准,验证,敏感性分析和干预措施的数据.
- 对干预类型,影响和伦理考虑的分析.
主要成果:
- 46项研究符合标准;结核病 (52%) 和SARS-CoV-2 (43%) 是最受模拟的.
- 美国 (33%) 和巴西 (17%) 是主要焦点; 分区模型是最常见的 (80%).
- 测试,治疗,隔离和通风等干预措施大大减少了模拟传播,但有时会忽视道德问题.
结论:
- 疫情增加了对癌症传播动态的关注,主要是针对SARS-CoV-2和结核病.
- 改进模型校准,验证和考虑实用/道德方面的考虑是必不可少的.
- 将模型估计转化为对脆弱的癌症患者群体的切实利益需要进一步关注.
更多相关视频
12:21A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
Published on: September 28, 2022
2.3K
09:02An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
Published on: February 17, 2014
19.8K
相关概念视频
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.2K
01:20Infection
7.7K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
7.7K
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
220
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
220
01:17Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
3.4K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
3.4K
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
211
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
211
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.6K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.6K