在宿主相关基因组和环境基因组中识别产生多样性的反元素:流行率,多样性和作用
Mariela Carrasco-Villanueva1, Chaoxian Wang1, Chaochun Wei2
1School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
BMC genomics
|December 20, 2024
概括
多样性生成逆元件 (DGRs) 在各种环境和种类中广泛存在,与人类相关的微生物的流行率最高. 这些遗传元素表现出显著的遗传学和结构多样性,表明各种生物体的快速适应.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 多样性生成逆元件 (DGRs) 是已知的可移动遗传元件,可在目标基因中产生突变,通常与联结功能有关.
- 它们拥有一个C型讲蛋白 (CLec) 域,可以容纳大量的序列变异.
- 在病毒,细菌和古生物中发现了DGR,突出显示了它们在快速生物适应中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查DGR系统在广泛的环境中的流行率,遗传学多样性和结构变异.
- 确定新的DGR并分析它们在不同宿主相关和环境微生物群落中的分布.
主要方法:
- 使用来自不同环境的元基因组组装基因组 (MAGs) 分析DGR系统.
- 对逆转录酶 (RTs) 的基因组学分析,以确定DGR类.
- 识别和描述DGR磁带架构和模式.
主要成果:
- 确定了861个非冗余的DGR-RT,其中5.7%是新的.
- 人类相关的微生物拥有DGR的数量和流行率最高.
- 在具有较小基因组的生物中,DGRs更为频繁,并表现出具有多样化磁带模式的九个主要基因组分类.
- 大多数目标基因都参与联体结合和信号传递,一些DGRs在非CLec域中发现.
结论:
- 在全球范围内,DGR在各种环境和种类中普遍存在,显示出显著的遗传学差异.
- 观察到的DGR磁带架构的变化表明,可能与特定的代表性不足的类型有联系.
- 在非CLec领域发现的DGR需要进一步调查,特别是在未经探索的环境中.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Retroviruses
12.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.2K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.4K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.4K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.3K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.3K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.2K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.2K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.6K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.6K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.0K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.0K


