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相关概念视频

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
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相关实验视频

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Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
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Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

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低氧反应中的信号传递.

Arkadipta Bakshi1, Simon Gilroy1

  • 1Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Plant physiology
|December 21, 2024
PubMed
概括

植物利用信号来生存在低氧条件下. 这个系统涉及运输体和响应性蛋白质,这对于植物在洪水等环境压力期间的生存至关重要.

科学领域:

  • 植物生理学 植物生理学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 环境应激反应环境应激反应

背景情况:

  • 由于洪水和土壤状况等环境因素,植物面临氧气缺乏 (氧气不足).
  • 缺氧限制了有氧呼吸,对植物的生存构成威胁.
  • 植物拥有进化的传感系统来检测氧气水平并启动适应性反应.

研究的目的:

  • 描述 (Ca2+) 信号作为植物低氧反应的关键组成部分.
  • 阐明缺氧如何影响Ca2+信号动态.
  • 在低氧反应途径中识别由Ca2+调节的下游元素.

主要方法:

  • 研究了载体,特别是CAX家族Ca2+/H+反载体在缺氧诱导的Ca2+信号传递中的作用.
  • 下游检查的Ca2+响应蛋白,包括卡尔莫杜林类蛋白,Ca2+依赖激酶和氨酸-B类蛋白.
  • 考虑了其他信号分子的相互作用,如反应性氧物种和脂质介导信号.

主要成果:

  • 缺氧触发并塑造植物细胞中特定的Ca2+信号动态.
  • 质体中的运输体对于产生这些与缺氧相关的Ca2+信号至关重要.
  • 一个Ca2+响应蛋白质网络调解了植物对低氧气的代谢,生理和发育适应.

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Tracking Hypoxic Signaling within Encapsulated Cell Aggregates

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Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

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Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
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结论:

  • 信号是一种中央调节系统,使植物能够承受氧气有限的条件.
  • 已识别的Ca2+信号通路,涉及载体和下游蛋白质,对于植物在缺氧下生存至关重要.
  • 依赖Ca2+和其他信号通路的协调作用确保了植物对低氧压力的有效反应.