联合国关于土著人民权利和基因组学宣言:为公正研究提供道德互补性
The Hastings Center report
|December 21, 2024
概括
基因组学研究伦理学必须将土著人民视为社区,而不仅仅是个人. 基于"联合国土著人民权利宣言" (UNDRIP) 的新框架为土著基因组数据提供了更好的保护.
科学领域:
- 生物医学伦理 生物医学伦理
- 土著数据治理土著数据治理
- 基因组研究监督监督
背景情况:
- 美国的生物医学研究治理优先考虑道德个人主义,重点关注个人权利.
- 基因组学研究对遗传相关社区,特别是像土著人民这样的少数群体和孤立群体提出了独特的伦理挑战.
- 像贝尔蒙特原则这样的现有框架主要针对个人关切,可能会忽视集体权利.
研究的目的:
- 为管理生物医学研究,特别是涉及土著人民的基因组学研究提出一个替代的,互补的伦理框架.
- 展示基于"联合国土著人民权利宣言" (UNDRIP) 的框架如何解决集体权利问题.
- 加强对基因组数据的土著人民权利和利益的保护.
主要方法:
- 利用联合国关于土著人民权利宣言 (UNDRIP) 作为一个新的道德框架的基础.
- 作为一个案例研究,研究CARE关于土著数据治理的原则.
- 将拟议的基于UNDRIP的框架与现有的美国研究监督标准 (贝尔蒙特原则) 进行比较.
主要成果:
- 基于UNDRIP的框架明确承认个人和集体权利,提供了更全面的方法.
- 凯尔原则说明了如何将集体权利纳入数据治理实践.
- 这一补充框架加强了对基因组数据的土著人民权利和利益的保护.
结论:
- 包含集体权利的伦理框架,例如基于UNDRIP的伦理框架,对于涉及土著社区的负责任基因组学研究至关重要.
- 拟议的框架补充了现有的以个人为中心的伦理标准,提供了更强大的保护.
- 采用基于UNDRIP的方法,以CARE原则为例,对于道德基因组数据治理和尊重土著主权至关重要.
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