在欧洲背景下,饮用水污染物暴露中的环境正义问题
Fang Fang Chen Chen1, Noémie Letellier2, Tarik Benmarhnia3
1Département des Sciences en Santé Environnementale, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP), 15, avenue du Professeur-Léon-Bernard, CS 74312, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
The Science of the total environment
|December 21, 2024
概括
欧洲饮用水中的环境正义问题研究不足. 这项研究发现污染物暴露与社会经济因素相关的差异,特别是在农村地区,突出了需要更广泛的研究.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境正义 环境正义
背景情况:
- 饮用水 (DW) 污染物暴露的种族和社会人口差异已被记录,主要是在美国.
- 欧洲对环境正义 (EJ) 和DW污染物的研究有限.
- 了解这些差异对于公共卫生和公平的水资源管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估与欧洲DW污染物相关的EJ问题的证据.
- 确定导致暴露不平等的特定污染物和驱动因素.
- 在法国的一个案例研究中调查社会经济地位和污染物暴露之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 进行了对欧洲研究 (1990-2022) 关于EJ和DW污染物的范围审查.
- 在法国伊利埃维莱恩 (Ille-et-Vilaine) 进行了一项案例研究,使用了国家监测数据.
- 利用复合剥夺指数 (FDep) 和空间分析 (多层次和地理加权回归模型) 来评估暴露不平等.
主要成果:
- 确定了有限数量的相关欧洲研究 (n=16),重点关注酸盐,三甲 (THM),重金属,化物和农药等污染物.
- 发现了FDep指数和污染物水平之间的关联,相关性各不相同 (例如,THM为负,为正).
- 观察到的空间差异:在农村地区,更高的贫困与酸盐的增加和化物/THM暴露的减少有关.
结论:
- 关于欧洲对EJ和DW污染物暴露的研究存在重大差距.
- 社会经济因素显然影响了对特定污染物的暴露,农村地区呈现出明显的模式.
- 进一步的大规模研究对于了解污染物分布,社会经济地位和暴露之间的复杂相互作用对于有效的EJ战略至关重要.
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