疫苗接种空中物流的成本效益:利用实证数据对加纳疫苗的集中储存和无人机配送进行基于模型的评估
Maria J Ospina-Fadul1, Pedro Kremer2, Scott E Stevens3
1Health Economics, Zipline International Inc, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Value in health regional issues
|December 22, 2024
概括
无人机交付显著改善了加纳的免疫覆盖率,并且非常具有成本效益. 这种空中物流干预措施避免了疾病病例,并被推用于国家免疫计划.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 供应链管理 供应链管理
背景情况:
- 加纳卫生服务部在2020年中期在西北地区实施了Zipline的空中物流,以加强卫生供应链的弹性.
- 无人机配送系统显示,在高利用率的地区,疫苗接种覆盖率有所改善.
研究的目的:
- 评估空中物流作为加强免疫覆盖范围的干预措施的成本效益.
- 评估基于无人机的医疗供应链对经济的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个攻击率模型,考虑到疫苗接种覆盖率和疫苗有效性,估计了17022名婴儿的疾病发病率.
- 增量成本效益比率 (ICERs) 每个经过预防的残疾调整寿命年 (DALY) 均从社会和政府的角度计算出来.
- 使用蒙特卡洛模拟的概率灵敏度分析验证了这些发现.
主要成果:
- 航空物流在2021年避免了688例疾病病例.
- 每个转移的DALY,ICER为41美元 (社会) 和58美元 (政府).
- 如果无人机运输取代至少20%的地面运输,干预措施可以节省成本,政府每天可能节省高达250美元.
结论:
- 空中物流是提高免疫覆盖率的一种非常具有成本效益的干预措施,即使用最少的替代传统传送方法.
- 这些发现支持在国家免疫计划中扩大空中物流.
- 该模型为低收入和中等收入国家提供了有价值的见解,这些国家正在寻求高效的医疗供应链解决方案.
相关概念视频
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:23Vaccine Production
Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
01:24Smallpox
Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.