拥抱本土的多样性,以提高玉米中的光系统II的最大量子效率
Sebastian Urzinger1, Viktoriya Avramova1, Monika Frey1
1Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany.
Plant physiology
|December 23, 2024
概括
在玉米ndhm1基因中发现一种罕见的等位基因可以提高早期发育和耐寒性. 这一发现提供了一种通过育种或基因组编辑来提高作物产量的策略.
科学领域:
- 植物遗传学 植物遗传学
- 光合作用研究研究光合作用.
- 农作物科学 农作物科学
背景情况:
- 玉米种植受益于早期播种,但低温阻碍了温带气候的早期发展.
- 类似NADH脱酶 (NDH) 复合体对于光合作用和光保护至关重要.
- 像ndhm1这样的基因中的等位基因变异可以影响与寒冷耐受性相关的植物特征.
研究的目的:
- 调查玉米ndhm1基因中等位基因变异对与寒冷气候中早期发育相关的定量特征的影响.
- 了解NDH介导的循环电子运输在光合作用和冷应力下的光保护中的作用.
- 识别陆地品种中有利的等位基因,以改善玉米生殖质.
主要方法:
- 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 用于光系统II (Fv/Fm) 的最大潜在量子产量.
- 对表型特征的分析,包括植物早期的高度 (EPH),Fv/Fm,叶绿素含量和耐寒性.
- 在ndhm1中插入hAT转位子的特征及其对NDHM蛋白水平的影响.
- 对ndhm1原生等位基序列的分析.
主要成果:
- 在ndhm1中插入一个hAT转位子显著影响了EPH,Fv/Fm,叶绿素含量和寒冷耐受性,这是由于NDHM蛋白水平降低造成的.
- 与常见的等位基相比,ndhm1的一个罕见的等位基与Fv/Fm,光系统II效率在适应光的叶子 (ΦPSII) 和EPH中的小但显著改善有关.
- 在光系统I周围的NDH介导的循环电子传输在寒冷适应中起着关键作用.
结论:
- 在寒冷条件下,ndhm1的等位基变异会影响玉米的关键早期发育特征.
- 可以从当地适应的陆地品种中识别和利用适应寒冷耐受性和早期生长的有利基因.
- 这项研究提供了一种策略,通过利用自然遗传变异来通过繁殖或基因组编辑来增强玉米胚胎质.
相关概念视频
Photosystem I
61.7K
Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
61.7K
Photosystem II
69.8K
The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
The pigment molecules are arranged across two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
69.8K
Light Acquisition
8.4K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
8.4K
The Antenna Complex
5.9K
Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency...
5.9K
The Calvin Benson Cycle
4.4K
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
4.4K
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light
20.1K
Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
20.1K


