机器学习模型的开发和评估,用于从临床笔记中检测急诊室的阿片类药物滥用患者
Usman Shahid1,2, Natalie Parde1,2, Dale L Smith1,3
1AI.Health4All Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|December 23, 2024
概括
自然语言处理 (NLP) 模型准确地检测急诊室 (ED) 的阿片类药物滥用遭遇,超过ICD-10-CM代码. 微调语言模型与域调整进一步提高了检测性能.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 机器学习 (ML) 是指机器学习.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 准确识别涉及阿片类药物滥用的急诊部 (ED) 遭遇对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 现有的方法,如ICD-10-CM代码在精确检测方面存在局限性.
- 开发先进的计算模型是改善监测和干预的必要条件.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估基于自然语言处理 (NLP) 的模型,用于检测ED遭遇的阿片类药物滥用.
- 将不同NLP和ML模型的性能与传统诊断代码进行比较.
- 评估文本转换和域调整对模型性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 对阿片类药物滥用的ED遭遇的手动注释.
- 使用经典的ML方法 (XGBoost,逻辑回归,SVM,决策树) 提取和评估临床笔记.
- 精细调整预先训练的语言模型,包括适应领域的SMART-AI模型.
- 将模型性能与ICD-10-CM代码进行比较,使用AU_PRC,精度和F1得分等指标.
主要成果:
- XGBoost 实现了高性能 (AU_PRC 0.936,准确度 0.887,F1 0.863),超过了 ICD-10-CM 代码 (准确度 0.870,F1 0.830).
- 精心调整的预先训练的语言模型通常优于经典的ML方法.
- 最好的性能是通过微调的SMART-AI模型与域调整 (AU_PRC 0.948,精度 0.882,F1 0.851) 实现的.
- 关键的预测术语包括"海洛因"",阿片类药物"",可卡因"和"苏博".
结论:
- 基于NLP的模型显著优于ICD-10-CM代码,用于识别ED环境中的阿片类药物滥用.
- 微调预先训练的语言模型与域调整,提高了检测准确度.
- 这些先进的NLP方法为阿片类药物滥用监测和研究提供了更有效的工具.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Analgesia and Pain Management
496
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
496
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
219
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
219
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners
179
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
179
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
434
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
434


