极化训练与其他训练强度分布模型对不同级别耐力运动员生理变量和耐力表现的影响:一个范围审查
Tomás Rivera-Köfler1, Adrián Varela-Sanz1, Alexis Padrón-Cabo2
1Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|December 23, 2024
概括
极化训练 (POL) 和金字塔训练 (PYR) 模型提高了耐力运动员的最大氧气吸收和有氧值表现. 所有训练强度分布模型都提高了无氧值,但POL和PYR对精英运动员更有效.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 耐力训练是一种耐力训练.
背景情况:
- 了解最佳训练强度分布 (TID) 对于提高耐力表现至关重要.
- 极化训练 (POL) 是一种流行的TID模型,但与其他模型相比,其长期影响需要系统审查.
- 不同的TID模型可能会在不同的运动员水平上对生理变量和表现产生不同的影响.
研究的目的:
- 对POL与其他TID模型对生理变量和耐力表现的长期影响进行范围审查.
- 为了比较POL,耐力运动员的金字塔式 (PYR),门式 (THR) 和块式 (BT) 训练模型.
- 分析不同运动员表现水平的影响.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,SportDiscus,Scopus和科学网上进行系统的文献搜索.
- 纳入标准:研究将POL与其他TID模型进行比较,涉及健康的耐力运动员,并报告特定的生理和性能结果.
- 从620个已识别的研究中,包括了15项研究,分析了体积分布和关键绩效指标.
主要成果:
- 在POL和PYR模型中,最大氧气吸收 (VO2max) 的提升显著.
- 无论是POL和PYR模型都改善了有氧值速度/功率;所有TID模型都改善了无氧值速度/功率.
- 所有的TID模型都提高了竞争性表现,尽管测试协议有所不同;POL和PYR对精英运动员来说显示出更大的好处.
结论:
- 极化和金字塔式训练模型在改善精英耐力运动员关键生理标记和表现方面似乎最有效.
- 虽然所有分析的TID模型都提高了无氧值,但需要进一步研究它们对运动经济的影响.
- 训练强度分配策略应该考虑运动员的表现水平以获得最佳结果.
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