美国的牙科诊所沙漠:空间可访问性分析
Md Shahinoor Rahman1,2, Jeffrey C Blossom3, Ichiro Kawachi4
1Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA network open
|December 23, 2024
概括
数百万美国人无法获得牙科护理,特别是在农村和服务不足的地区. 这项研究强调了牙科专业人员的地理差异和分配不当,这对于劳动力规划和减少机会不平等至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 空间流行病学 空间流行病学
背景情况:
- 美国牙科诊所的空间可达性还不太清楚.
- 牙科服务提供者的地理分布不佳,导致口腔医疗保健获得的差异.
研究的目的:
- 绘制牙科诊所的国家空间可访问性的地图.
- 确定县和美国人口普查区组的特征,这些县和区组正在经历牙科护理短缺.
主要方法:
- 使用IQVIA国家实践医生数据库 (205,762名活跃牙医) 进行的横截面研究.
- 采用了增强的两步浮动水域采集区方法,驾驶时间为30分钟.
- 分析了社会经济因素:农村,地区贫困,种族/民族隔离和无保险率.
主要成果:
- 170万个人无法在30分钟车程内到达牙科诊所.
- 2470万人 (7.5%) 居住在牙科护理短缺地区 (每5000人中少于1名牙医).
- 与城市地区相比,农村地区的牙医与人口比率明显较低. 在农村,隔离和贫困地区观察到更高的短缺和不平等率.
结论:
- 美国牙科劳动力存在显著的地理短缺和分配不当.
- 调查结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施,以改善服务不足地区的牙科护理.
- 数据可以为联邦和州牙科工作人员规划提供信息,以减轻获取差异.
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