当社会比较作为消耗动力时:更强大的同龄人减轻了努力水平
David Framorando1, Delia J Perozzo2
1Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
概括
社交比较会影响努力期间的心血管反应. 将自己与相似或稍微优秀的同龄人进行比较会增加心血管反应,而不是与明显优秀的同龄人竞争.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 心血管生理学心血管生理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 社会比较理论认为,个人通过将自己与他人比较来评估自己的能力和意见.
- 与劳动力相关的心血管反应是劳动力和动机的生理指标.
- 社会比较对生理反应,特别是心血管措施的影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 检查在社会比较中不同水平的同行能力如何影响与努力相关的心血管反应.
- 研究将自己与相似的,稍微更好的或显著更好的同龄人进行比较对心血管活动的具体影响.
主要方法:
- 43名参与者参与了为期5分钟的视频游戏任务.
- 同行得分 (类似,略好,显著好) 或对照条件被显示.
- 与努力相关的心血管反应通过游戏和基线期间的预喷射期 (PEP) 进行评估.
主要成果:
- 当参与者将自己与相似或稍微更好的同龄人比较时,观察到更强的预喷射期 (表明更大的心血管反应).
- 将自己与明显更好的同龄人进行比较或在没有比较的对照条件下比较,导致心血管反应较弱.
- 个人与比较目标之间的能力差距显著减轻了社会比较对努力的影响.
结论:
- 社会比较显著调节与劳动力相关的心血管反应.
- 对比目标的感知能力差异的程度在这种调制中起着至关重要的作用.
- 这些发现有助于理解社会认知和在艰苦任务中生理反应之间的相互作用.
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