在两种黑猩猩亚种中,脑内膜体积明显停滞
Richard W Wrangham1, Steven Worthington2
1Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
American journal of biological anthropology
|December 24, 2024
概括
西方黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes verus) 的大脑大小与东方黑猩猩 (P. t. schweinfurthii) 类似,这与自我养理论相反. 这表明黑猩猩大脑在70万年来的稳定演变.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 自我化理论假设黑猩猩亚种之间潜在的大脑大小差异.
- 初步数据表明,西方黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes verus) 的大脑可能比东部黑猩猩 (P. t. schweinfurthii) 的大脑小.
- 缺乏大规模的研究来比较这些亚种之间的内体积 (ECV).
研究的目的:
- 为了比较野生成年西部黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes verus) 和东部黑猩猩 (P. t. schweinfurthii) 的内体积 (ECV).
- 为了研究身体尺寸差异,使用大腿骨头直径 (FHD),双腿骨宽度 (BZB) 和长度 (PAL).
- 为了测试黑猩猩亚种之间不同大脑大小的假设.
主要方法:
- 分析了成年P. t. schweinfurthii (n=150) 和P. t. verus (n=80) 的头骨样本.
- 用玻璃珠测量脑内膜体积 (ECV);用数字尺测量骨 (FHD,BZB,PAL).
- 贝叶斯推理用于统计估计.
主要成果:
- 两种黑猩猩亚种之间没有发现ECV或FHD的显著平均差异.
- 个体ECV的差异很大,男性的平均ECV比女性更大.
- 口腔长度 (PAL) 是唯一显示显著差异的指标,P. t. verus雌性口腔较短.
结论:
- 在控制性别时,P. t. verus和P. t. schweinfurthii之间的平均ECV是可比的.
- 这表明,黑猩猩大脑的平均大小已经保持稳定了大约70万年.
- 这一发现与在猩猩和人类中观察到的进化模式形成鲜明对比.
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