用23性肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗减少死亡率:系统性审查和元分析
Muhammed Shabil1,2, Shilpa Gaidhane3, Suhas Ballal4
1University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)
|December 24, 2024
概括
23价肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗 (PPV23) 在成人中没有显著降低全因死亡率. 然而,PPV23在降低肺炎相关死亡率方面是有效的,支持其在高风险人群中的使用.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌病是由肺炎球菌 (Streptococcus pneumoniae) 引起的,它对全球健康构成了重大挑战.
- 23性肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗 (PPV23) 针对23种血清型,但其对全因死亡率的影响仍在争论中.
- 易受伤害的群体,包括老年人和免疫受损者,受到不成比例的影响.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析PPV23在减少成人全因和肺炎相关死亡率方面的疗效.
- 评估PPV23疫苗接种对成年人群死亡结果的影响.
- 综合有关PPV23在预防肺炎球菌疾病相关死亡的有效性方面的证据.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase和Web of Science进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是随机对照试验 (RCT) 和成人用PPV23.3接种疫苗的观察性研究.
- 数据提取和质量评估使用了嵌套知识软件,纽卡斯尔-太华尺度和Cochrane风险偏差工具.
主要成果:
- 19项研究符合826个初始记录中的纳入标准.
- 对四项RCT的聚合分析没有发现任何原因死亡率有显著的降低 (RR = 1.030;95% CI: 0.945,1.122).
- 与肺炎相关的死亡率显著降低 (HR = 0.504;95% CI: 0.316,0.693),具有中度至高的异质性和潜在的出版偏差.
结论:
- 接种PPV23疫苗似乎没有显著降低成年人全因死亡率.
- 该疫苗在降低肺炎相关死亡率方面表现出有效性,特别是在高风险人群中.
- 结果支持在目标成年人群中继续使用PPV23,并呼吁在多种群体中进行进一步研究.
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