前精英运动员中焦虑和抑郁症的流行:系统性审查和元分析
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Adam Runacres1, Zoe A Marshall2
1Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
BMJ open sport & exercise medicine
|December 25, 2024
概括
前精英运动员的焦虑和抑郁率是一般人群的两倍多. 心理健康患病率因运动而异,美国足球运动员和骑手的患病率最高.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 精英运动员在职业生涯中面临着独特的压力.
- 运动后的过渡可能具有挑战性,可能会影响心理健康.
- 与普通人群相比,退休精英运动员的长期心理健康数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析前精英运动员中焦虑和抑郁症的流行情况.
- 将这些患病率与一般人口的患病率进行比较.
- 为了确定心理健康结果的潜在体育特异性差异.
主要方法:
- 37项研究的系统审查和元分析.
- 纳入标准:英语语言,退休的精英运动员 (≥1年),对照组或人口数据,报告的焦虑/抑郁症患病率,各种研究设计.
- 数据来源:科学网,PubMed,MEDLINE,Scopus,SportDiscus (1970-2023年) 这些数据都来自美国.
主要成果:
- 包括37项涉及24,732名前运动员的研究 (2%为女性).
- 与普通人群相比,前运动员的焦虑 (PR:2.08) 和抑郁 (PR:2.58) 患病率是前运动员的两倍多.
- 前美国足球运动员和骑手的患病率最高;前橄球运动员没有显著差异.
结论:
- 前精英运动员的焦虑和抑郁的患病率明显高于普通人群.
- 在所有体育运动中,心理健康风险并不均.
- 需要进一步研究体育特异性干预措施和对运动员转型的支持.
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