短期记忆中的处理顺序在儿童中具有空间偏差
Maëliss Vivion1, Morgane Ftaïta1, Alessandro Guida2
1BCL, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|December 25, 2024
概括
成年人将序列与心理线联系在一起,受阅读方向的影响. 这项研究发现,这种空间偏见出现在小学儿童中,并随着识字增强而增强,这表明它存在.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 成年人通常将顺序信息映射到心理水平线上,与他们的阅读和写作系统的方向性保持一致 (例如,在西方文化中,从左到右).
- 以前的研究已经探索了这种空间偏差的文化与天生的决定因素,但需要进一步的研究,特别是在发育期的人群中.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同年龄组的空间顺序关联的发展,特别是处理序列信息的左向右偏差.
- 为了确定这个通常在成年人中观察到的偏见在什么年龄开始在儿童中出现.
主要方法:
- 在四个实验中使用了一项涉及未标记序列信息的旋转任务.
- 参与者包括从幼儿 (2岁) 到5年级 (12岁) 的儿童和成年人.
- 实验系统地控制了潜在的混,并调整了任务的明确性和心理旋转.
主要成果:
- 在最初的实验中,在年幼的儿童中没有持续观察到明确的左向右偏差.
- 在实验4中,终于发现了跨年龄组的全球左向右偏差,特别是在2至4年级 (7-9岁) 和成年人中.
- 在较小的儿童中,发现了较弱的偏差,这表明在学龄前年 (大约4岁) 可能出现偏差.
结论:
- 空间顺序关联,就像左向右偏差一样,早在小学时就存在于儿童身上,反映了成年人的模式.
- 这种偏见的强度似乎随着年龄和识字专业知识的增加而增加,这表明了发展轨迹.
- 研究结果表明,虽然偏见可能在学前阶段开始出现,但通过识字能力的获得,它得到了显著的加强.
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