温度变化:一个量术语的概念调整
1UCL Department of Science and Technology Studies (STS), 22 Gordon Sq, London, WC1H 0AW, UK.
Studies in history and philosophy of science
|December 25, 2024
概括
丹尼尔·法伦海特的温度计促使18世纪人们对温度的理解发生了概念上的转变. 这项研究追踪了温度的演变作为一个可测量的量,将温度计和气象学与这个科学概念的变化联系起来.
科学领域:
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
- 科学术语 演化 进化
- 气象学的历史 气象学的历史
背景情况:
- 约翰·麦卡斯基 (2020) 认为,丹尼尔·法伦海特的温度计驱动了18世纪的温度概念变化.
- 在历史上",温度"一词缺乏一致的,可量化的含义.
- 以前的概念变化模型可能无法完全解释温度等科学术语.
研究的目的:
- 检查18世纪哲学交易中"温度"术语的使用情况.
- 追踪温度的概念变化从其引入到其作为数值的建立.
- 完善现有的概念变化理论,以更好地适应科学术语.
主要方法:
- 在哲学交易中对"温度"一词的历史分析.
- 追踪从华氏度温度计的创建到该期刊首次使用数值温度的时期.
- 确定温度计,气象学和温度的概念变化之间的联系.
主要成果:
- 四个关键线索将温度计和气象学与温度的概念变化联系起来:詹姆斯·朱里恩的天气网络,华氏度温度计的传播,气象学对"温度"的使用增加,以及其范围的扩大.
- "温度"与温度计的重新调整建立了一个新的温度概念作为数值读数.
- 这一历史调查表明,温度的概念变化需要对LaPorte (2004) 的精确化账户进行修改.
结论:
- 18世纪温度的概念变化受到法林海特温度计的开发和采用的影响.
- 一个精细的概念变化的模型应该允许一个术语的范围更大的灵活性,包括潜在的放弃旧的含义.
- 科学中的概念变化可以默认地发生,没有明确的规定,就像温度这个词所看到的那样.
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