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相关概念视频

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

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Thermal Energy 
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Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
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Measurement: Derived Units03:02

Measurement: Derived Units

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The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminosity. These are called the SI base units.
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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature

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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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相关实验视频

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Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
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温度变化:一个量术语的概念调整.

Jon Dickinson1

  • 1UCL Department of Science and Technology Studies (STS), 22 Gordon Sq, London, WC1H 0AW, UK.

Studies in history and philosophy of science
|December 25, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

丹尼尔·法伦海特的温度计促使18世纪人们对温度的理解发生了概念上的转变. 这项研究追踪了温度的演变作为一个可测量的量,将温度计和气象学与这个科学概念的变化联系起来.

关键词:
概念变化 概念变化华氏度是什么意思 华氏度是什么意思气象学 天气学质量 质量 是一个数量.温度 温度是指温度.测温仪测温仪是指温度测量仪.

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科学领域:

  • 科学的历史科学的历史.
  • 科学术语 演化 进化
  • 气象学的历史 气象学的历史

背景情况:

  • 约翰·麦卡斯基 (2020) 认为,丹尼尔·法伦海特的温度计驱动了18世纪的温度概念变化.
  • 在历史上",温度"一词缺乏一致的,可量化的含义.
  • 以前的概念变化模型可能无法完全解释温度等科学术语.

研究的目的:

  • 检查18世纪哲学交易中"温度"术语的使用情况.
  • 追踪温度的概念变化从其引入到其作为数值的建立.
  • 完善现有的概念变化理论,以更好地适应科学术语.

主要方法:

  • 在哲学交易中对"温度"一词的历史分析.
  • 追踪从华氏度温度计的创建到该期刊首次使用数值温度的时期.
  • 确定温度计,气象学和温度的概念变化之间的联系.

主要成果:

  • 四个关键线索将温度计和气象学与温度的概念变化联系起来:詹姆斯·朱里恩的天气网络,华氏度温度计的传播,气象学对"温度"的使用增加,以及其范围的扩大.
  • "温度"与温度计的重新调整建立了一个新的温度概念作为数值读数.
  • 这一历史调查表明,温度的概念变化需要对LaPorte (2004) 的精确化账户进行修改.

结论:

  • 18世纪温度的概念变化受到法林海特温度计的开发和采用的影响.
  • 一个精细的概念变化的模型应该允许一个术语的范围更大的灵活性,包括潜在的放弃旧的含义.
  • 科学中的概念变化可以默认地发生,没有明确的规定,就像温度这个词所看到的那样.