了解冲刺阶段特定的训练刺激:对超载条件的集群分析方法
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes1, Roland van den Tillaar2, Adrián Castaño-Zambudio1
1Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|December 26, 2024
概括
较重的冲刺训练负载扩展了早期加速机制,而较轻的负载更好地模仿了晚期加速. 根据特定的冲刺阶段定制阻力训练可以优化性能和训练刺激.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 竞技表现 运动表现
背景情况:
- 基于速度的训练仅限于冲刺高原阶段.
- 需要分析超载条件对所有阶段冲刺力学的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定超载条件,最好复制整个加速谱的无阻力冲刺力学.
- 分析各种速度损失 (VL) 百分比对冲刺表现和力学的影响.
主要方法:
- 16名短跑者使用智能拖拉技术进行了无阻力短跑和10-65%速度损失 (VL) 的短跑.
- 集群分析被用来识别不同的冲刺阶段和机械复制.
- 在所有步骤中记录了地面反应力和时空参数.
主要成果:
- 确定了四个不同的冲刺阶段组:初接触,早期加速,中期加速和晚期加速.
- 较重的负载 (VL50,VL65) 延长了早期和中期加速阶段机制 (步骤7-8).
- 较轻的负载复制了从11-29米以后的晚期加速机制.
结论:
- 根据特定的冲刺阶段量身定制超载条件可以优化训练.
- 基于阻力的冲刺训练应该考虑所有加速度阶段,而不仅仅是平原.
- 结果为教练提供了精确的负载处方策略,以提高冲刺表现.
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